The Effects on Small Business Organizations of Affirmative Action Laws

Providing equal opportunity to minority groups within a familiarity is more a complaisant issue than it is a legal issue. Requirements for equating may be legislated, and those

requirements may be enforced with some degree of effectiveness. touchable equality of opportunity will not occur, however, until such succession as the great majority of individuals and organizations within a union voluntarily behave in a socially accountable manner. Income distribution objectives, laws prohibiting social discrimination, and, in some in homes, policies intended to elaborate the effects of past discrimination--affirmative action goals--have all become a part of "the rules of the game" for American business.

Equal opportunity and unobjectionable employment practices legislation has been enacted and enforced (with varying degrees of vigor, depending upon the philosophical stance of the administration in power) since the early 1960s. The concept of equal opportunity often appears to defy precise definition--definitions tend to change with the location of the protagonist. One theorist concluded that most assessments asserting that equality of opportunity is absent are actually saying that "certain

individuals, or groups, do not have . . . certain opportunities"

that are purchasable to other individuals and groups. This line

of reasoning is usually extended to the idea that such conditions are "unfair and ought to be remedied."

universally accepted by any employees, employers, or economists.

Lynch, F. R. " living(a) Affirmative Action (More or Less)." Commentary, 90 (1990): 44-47.

Eastland, T. "Toward A real number Restoration of Civil Rights." Commentary, 88 (1989): 25-29.

Economic efficiency is delimit as an allocation of resources in such a modality that it is not possible to change the allocation is such a way that someone is made better off without any(prenominal)one world made worse off. By this definition, if such a reallotment were possible, then the existing allocation could not be economically

Kreps, J. M. " lessen Statement to the House Committee on Appropriations." Public dealings Journal, 6 (June 1978): 10-11.

Friedman does not believe in nor countenance any of form of discrimination. Neither, however, does he think that society has any mighty to officially prohibit such discrimination. Rather, Friedman believes that offenders should be persuaded to mend their ways.

In 1978, the then Secretary of Commerce in the Carter Administration, Juanita Kreps, said that "American business today is heavily dependent on the society that surrounds it, on capital, labor, and customers; that is to say that American corporations have a tremendous stake in the well-being of American society." This statement represents the position that business organizations do, indeed, have social responsibilities to the societies within which they function, without attempting to define either the scope or the depth of that responsibility.

A modification of a productive process to accommodate the special needs of latent employees might cause a firm's products to become uncompetitive with honour to similar products produced in another country where equally beginner social legislation is not enforced. If no restrictions are set on the unfairly competitive imports, the firm will go out of business, and neither people with special needs nor those with no such needs will be able to be employe
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